| 1,688 | 5 | 196 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
费正清认为,朝贡制度作为中国传统的世界秩序,是儒家政治和社会等级制度的对外延伸,与欧洲基于民族—国家主权平等的条约制度相比,是一种封闭、落后的外交制度,必然会在后者的冲击下瓦解,并使中国得以进入近代国际关系网络之中。本文通过对费正清中国世界秩序观的批判、分析,认为中国的朝贡制度,就其实质而言,是一种差序包容的互系性的外交关系制度,对于解决当今在西方霸权逻辑和强权政治下造成的国际关系紧张,仍具有很好的借鉴意义。
Abstract：According to John King Fairbank, tribute system, as a traditional Chinese world order, was an extension in the political and social order based on Confucian hierarchy. Compared with the treaty system between European nations based on nation-state equal sovereignty, the Chinese tribute system was an isolated and conservative diplomatic system, and would surely collapse under the impact of the treaty system, through which the traditional Chinese diplomacy could get into the network of modern international relations. By reviewing and analyzing John King Fairbank's view of the Chinese world order, this paper holds that the Chinese tribute system is in nature a correlative diplomatic system of hierarchical inclusion which laid emphasis on the harmony and stability of society, nature, morality and spirit, and on the correlative inclusion between the suzerain and vassals. Accordingly, the traditional Chinese diplomatic system is a good reference for accommodating the tension in current international relations caused by Western hegemonic logic and power politics.
1 Hosea Ballou Morse,The International Relations of the Chinese Empire(The Period of Conflict 1834-1860).London:Longmans,Green and Co.,1910,pp.31-33,50,43.
1 John King Fairbank,“The Origin of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service,1850-1858,”D.Phil.diss.,Balliol College,Oxford University,1936,pp.1-5.
2 Ibid.,p.69.
1 Ibid.,pp.70-81.
2 T.F.Tsiang,“China and European Expansion,”Politica 2 no.5,Mar.1936.A lecture delivered at the London School of Economics.
1 John King Fairbank and S.Y.Teng,“On the Ch’ing Tributary System.”Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 6.2(1941):135-246.
1 John King Fairbank,“Tributary Trade and China’s Relations with the West,”The Far Eastern Quarterly 1.2(1942):129-149.
2保罗·埃文斯著,陈同、罗苏文等译:《费正清看中国》,上海:上海人民出版社,1995年,第196页。
(3)John King Fairbank,Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast:The Opening of the Treaty Ports 1842-1854.Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1953,pp.23,25.
1费正清:《中国的世界秩序:一种初步的构想》,见费正清编,杜继东译《中国的世界秩序:传统中国的对外关系》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2010年,第4、16-17页。
2 Fairbank,Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast:The Opening of the Treaty Ports 1842-1854.pp.464-465,468.
1汪晖:《现代中国思想的兴起》(上卷第2部),北京:三联书店,2008年,第696-702页。
2同上,第614页。
1费正清:《条约体制下的共管》,载陶文钊编选,林海、符致兴等译《费正清集》,天津:天津人民出版社,1991年,第85-86、88页。
2同上,第90-91页。
(3)秦亚青:《全球视野中的国际秩序·代序》,载秦亚青主编《中国学者看世界·国际秩序卷》,北京:新世界出版社,2007年,第12-14页。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19326/j.cnki.2095-9257.2016.01.006
中图分类号:K207.8
引用信息:
[1]陈国兴.从朝贡制度到条约制度——费正清的中国世界秩序观[J].国际汉学,2016,No.6(01):58-66+202.DOI:10.19326/j.cnki.2095-9257.2016.01.006.
基金信息: