国际汉学

从学术的角度看，日本学界以中国历史文化为中心的东方学研究，迄今已有三百多年的发展演化历程。江户时代（近世）“国学”源自中国的儒学，扩展开去而形成日本的汉学。汉学中包含着以汉译佛经为经典的日本佛学，从佛学延伸，出现了将中、日、印三国作为区域整体加以把握的日本早期的东方研究。到明治维新后，形成了既受欧美东方学影响又继承江户汉学传统的“支那学”。此后，从“支那史”又延伸出作为区域史的“东洋史学”，最后形成了“东洋学”。战败后，日本的“东方学会”成立，标志着当代日本“东方学”基本摆脱了近代“东洋学”的国家主义立场，回归到较为纯粹的学术研究形态。从近世汉学，到近代“支那学”“东洋学”，再到当代“东方学”的发展演变历程，是我们理解和把握日本的东方学学术史、东方学思想史及其学术特质的一个重要维度。

From an academic perspective, Oriental studies focusing on Chinese history and culture in Japanese academia has evolved for more than 300 years. In the Edo period(modern times), national studies originated from Confucianism and subsequently evolved into Japanese Sinology, which included Japanese Buddhism based on the Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures as its classics. Extending from Buddhism, it formed the early Japanese Oriental Studies that took China, Japan, and India as a regional whole. After the Meiji Restoration, under the influence of European and American Oriental Studies and the tradition of Edo Sinology, “Japanese Sinology” was formed. Since then, “history of Japanese Sinology” has extended to “Oriental historiography” as a regional history and finally formed “Japanese Oriental Studies before World War Ⅱ”. After its defeat in the War, Japan founded the Oriental Studies Society, which showed that Japanese Oriental Studies after World War Ⅱ” was basically free from the nationalism of Japanese Oriental Studies before World War Ⅱ and shifted to a purer form of academic research. From the evolution process above, It is an important dimension for us to understand and grasp the academic history of Oriental studies, its ideological history, and its academic distinctiveness in Japan.